Add thread control surfaces

Adds RemoteThread, ThreadFactory (enumeration, main-thread selection, get-by-id), and FrozenThread scoped freeze. Supports suspend/resume, 32/64-bit context round-trip, TEB query, and reverse-order resume on dispose. Closes section 2 of add-thread-region-finder.
This commit is contained in:
kbe
2026-07-22 16:04:30 +02:00
parent f0faca3112
commit 9aef9c21e3
7 changed files with 977 additions and 0 deletions
+49
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace WhiteMagic.Thread;
/// <summary>
/// A disposable scope that tracks a set of threads frozen by <see cref="ThreadFactory.Freeze"/>.
/// Disposing the scope resumes exactly those threads, in reverse order, even if the guarded
/// body throws.
/// </summary>
public sealed class FrozenThread : IDisposable
{
private readonly IReadOnlyList<RemoteThread> _threads;
private bool _disposed;
internal FrozenThread(IReadOnlyList<RemoteThread> threads)
{
_threads = threads ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(threads));
}
/// <summary>The threads suspended by this freeze scope.</summary>
public IEnumerable<RemoteThread> Threads => _threads;
/// <summary>
/// Resumes the frozen threads in reverse order. The original call is responsible for
/// disposing the <see cref="RemoteThread"/> instances afterwards.
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
if (_disposed)
return;
_disposed = true;
foreach (RemoteThread thread in _threads.Reverse())
{
try
{
thread.Resume();
}
catch
{
// Resume-on-dispose is best-effort; callers keep the thread handles so
// they can diagnose or recover separately.
}
}
}
}
+184
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using WhiteMagic.Native;
using WhiteMagic.ThreadEnvironment;
namespace WhiteMagic.Thread;
/// <summary>
/// A handle to an existing thread in the target process. Provides suspend/resume,
/// context read/write, and TEB query.
/// </summary>
public sealed class RemoteThread : IDisposable
{
private readonly MemoryBase _memory;
private readonly SafeMemoryHandle _handle;
private readonly int _id;
private bool _disposed;
/// <summary>The operating-system identifier of this thread.</summary>
public int Id => _id;
/// <summary>The native thread handle.</summary>
internal SafeMemoryHandle Handle => _handle;
internal RemoteThread(MemoryBase memory, int threadId, SafeMemoryHandle handle)
{
_memory = memory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(memory));
_id = threadId;
_handle = handle ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(handle));
}
/// <summary>
/// Opens the thread specified by <paramref name="threadId"/> in the target process
/// represented by <paramref name="memory"/>.
/// </summary>
public RemoteThread(MemoryBase memory, int threadId)
: this(memory, threadId, OpenHandle(threadId))
{
}
private static SafeMemoryHandle OpenHandle(int threadId)
{
if (threadId <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("Thread ID must be positive.", nameof(threadId));
const ThreadAccess requiredAccess =
ThreadAccess.SuspendResume |
ThreadAccess.GetContext |
ThreadAccess.SetContext |
ThreadAccess.QueryInformation;
SafeMemoryHandle handle = NativeMethods.OpenThread(requiredAccess, false, threadId);
if (handle.IsInvalid)
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"OpenThread failed for thread {threadId}: error {error}.");
}
return handle;
}
/// <summary>
/// Suspends the thread and returns its previous suspend count.
/// </summary>
public uint Suspend()
{
uint result = NativeMethods.SuspendThread(_handle);
if (result == 0xFFFFFFFF)
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"SuspendThread failed for thread {_id}: error {error}.");
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Resumes the thread and returns its previous suspend count.
/// </summary>
public uint Resume()
{
uint result = NativeMethods.ResumeThread(_handle);
if (result == 0xFFFFFFFF)
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"ResumeThread failed for thread {_id}: error {error}.");
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Reads the 64-bit native context of the thread. Valid only for 64-bit targets.
/// </summary>
public unsafe void GetContext64(out Context64 context)
{
nint size = Marshal.SizeOf<Context64>();
void* ptr = NativeMemory.AlignedAlloc((nuint)size, 16);
try
{
Unsafe.InitBlock(ptr, 0, (uint)size);
((Context64*)ptr)->ContextFlags = ContextFlags.Amd64Full;
if (!NativeMethods.GetThreadContext(_handle, ref *(Context64*)ptr))
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"GetThreadContext failed for thread {_id}: error {error}.");
}
context = *(Context64*)ptr;
}
finally
{
NativeMemory.AlignedFree(ptr);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Writes the 64-bit native context of the thread. Valid only for 64-bit targets.
/// </summary>
public unsafe void SetContext64(ref Context64 context)
{
nint size = Marshal.SizeOf<Context64>();
void* ptr = NativeMemory.AlignedAlloc((nuint)size, 16);
try
{
*(Context64*)ptr = context;
if (!NativeMethods.SetThreadContext(_handle, ref *(Context64*)ptr))
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"SetThreadContext failed for thread {_id}: error {error}.");
}
}
finally
{
NativeMemory.AlignedFree(ptr);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Reads the 32-bit native context of the thread. Valid for 32-bit targets or
/// WOW64 threads selected by a 64-bit caller.
/// </summary>
public void GetContext32(out Context32 context)
{
context = new Context32 { ContextFlags = ContextFlags.X86Full };
if (!NativeMethods.GetThreadContext(_handle, ref context))
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"GetThreadContext failed for thread {_id}: error {error}.");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Writes the 32-bit native context of the thread.
/// </summary>
public void SetContext32(ref Context32 context)
{
if (!NativeMethods.SetThreadContext(_handle, ref context))
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"SetThreadContext failed for thread {_id}: error {error}.");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a managed reader for this thread's Thread Environment Block.
/// </summary>
public ManagedTeb GetTeb()
{
return new ManagedTeb(_memory, _id);
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public void Dispose()
{
if (!_disposed)
{
_disposed = true;
_handle.Dispose();
}
}
}
+230
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using WhiteMagic.Native;
namespace WhiteMagic.Thread;
/// <summary>
/// Enumerates and selects threads belonging to the target process.
/// </summary>
public sealed class ThreadFactory
{
private readonly MemoryBase _memory;
/// <summary>Creates a factory bound to the target process represented by <paramref name="memory"/>.</summary>
public ThreadFactory(MemoryBase memory)
{
_memory = memory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(memory));
}
/// <summary>
/// Enumerates every thread that belongs to the target process.
/// </summary>
public IEnumerable<RemoteThread> Enumerate()
{
foreach (int threadId in CollectThreadIds())
{
SafeMemoryHandle handle = NativeMethods.OpenThread(
ThreadAccess.SuspendResume |
ThreadAccess.GetContext |
ThreadAccess.SetContext |
ThreadAccess.QueryInformation,
false,
threadId);
if (handle.IsInvalid)
continue;
yield return new RemoteThread(_memory, threadId, handle);
}
}
private int[] CollectThreadIds()
{
using SafeMemoryHandle snapshot = NativeMethods.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(SnapshotFlags.Thread, 0);
if (snapshot.IsInvalid)
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"CreateToolhelp32Snapshot failed: error {error}.");
}
var entry = new ThreadEntry32
{
dwSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<ThreadEntry32>()
};
var ids = new List<int>();
if (!NativeMethods.Thread32First(snapshot, ref entry))
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
if (error == 18 || error == 259) // ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES / ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS
return ids.ToArray();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Thread32First failed: error {error}.");
}
do
{
if (entry.th32OwnerProcessID == (uint)_memory.ProcessId)
ids.Add((int)entry.th32ThreadID);
}
while (NativeMethods.Thread32Next(snapshot, ref entry));
return ids.ToArray();
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the thread with the specified operating-system identifier if it belongs
/// to the target process.
/// </summary>
/// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The thread does not belong to the target process.</exception>
public RemoteThread GetThreadById(int threadId)
{
if (threadId <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("Thread ID must be positive.", nameof(threadId));
SafeMemoryHandle handle = NativeMethods.OpenThread(ThreadAccess.QueryInformation, false, threadId);
if (handle.IsInvalid)
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"OpenThread failed for thread {threadId}: error {error}.");
}
try
{
var info = new ThreadBasicInformation();
int status = NativeMethods.NtQueryInformationThread(
handle,
0,
ref info,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf<ThreadBasicInformation>(),
out _);
if (status < 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
$"NtQueryInformationThread failed for thread {threadId} (NTSTATUS {status:X8}).");
}
if ((uint)(nint)info.ClientId.UniqueProcess != (uint)_memory.ProcessId)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
$"Thread {threadId} does not belong to process {_memory.ProcessId}.");
}
// Open a handle with the rights the public RemoteThread surface needs.
return new RemoteThread(_memory, threadId);
}
finally
{
handle.Dispose();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the earliest-created thread of the target process.
/// </summary>
public RemoteThread MainThread
{
get
{
RemoteThread? earliest = null;
long earliestTime = long.MaxValue;
foreach (RemoteThread thread in Enumerate())
{
long creationTime = GetCreationTime(thread.Id);
if (creationTime < earliestTime)
{
earliestTime = creationTime;
earliest?.Dispose();
earliest = thread;
}
else
{
thread.Dispose();
}
}
if (earliest is null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
$"Process {_memory.ProcessId} has no observable threads.");
}
return earliest;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Suspends the supplied threads and returns a disposable scope that resumes exactly
/// those threads when disposed, including when an exception escapes the guarded body.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Do not freeze the target's threads while executing target code through a remote
/// thread or main-thread pump; doing so can deadlock because the frozen thread is the
/// one responsible for running the code.
/// </remarks>
public FrozenThread Freeze(IEnumerable<RemoteThread> threads)
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(threads);
var suspended = new List<RemoteThread>();
try
{
foreach (RemoteThread thread in threads)
{
thread.Suspend();
suspended.Add(thread);
}
return new FrozenThread(suspended);
}
catch
{
foreach (RemoteThread thread in suspended)
{
try
{
thread.Resume();
}
catch
{
// Best-effort unwind.
}
}
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Suspends all threads selected by <paramref name="predicate"/>.
/// </summary>
public FrozenThread Freeze(Func<RemoteThread, bool> predicate)
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(predicate);
return Freeze(Enumerate().Where(predicate));
}
private long GetCreationTime(int threadId)
{
using SafeMemoryHandle handle = NativeMethods.OpenThread(ThreadAccess.QueryInformation, false, threadId);
if (handle.IsInvalid)
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"OpenThread failed for thread {threadId}: error {error}.");
}
if (!NativeMethods.GetThreadTimes(handle, out long creationTime, out _, out _, out _))
{
int error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
throw new InvalidOperationException($"GetThreadTimes failed for thread {threadId}: error {error}.");
}
return creationTime;
}
}